Solar integration guidelines in fish production

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CLEANING

Cleaning of bottles and cases

Bottle washing.jpg Example how to integrate solar heat for bottle washing machines in beverage companies.

The integration of solar heat for bottle washing depends very much on the type of the installed conventional heat exchanger and its integration into the machine. Bottle washing machines with an internal tube bundle provide the opportunity of overheating the caustic that is withdrawn from the region of the tube bundle, and pumped to the section where bottles enter the main caustic bath (scheme No. 1). At this point of the bottle washing machine, the highest temperature is required, so the caustic can be overheated by solar energy by 3..4 Kcompared to the temperature of the main caustic bath. Using another tube bundle design, the caustic is removed from the bath and passes the tubes of the bundle. The steam entering the tube bundle heats the caustic within the tubes as well as the entire bath via its shell. A possible way of integrating solar heat in bottle washing machines using this type of heat exchanger is illustrated in scheme No. 2. The solar heat is used for preheating the caustic before entering the tube bundle.

Keg.jpg Example how to integrate solar heat for keg cleaning processes in beverage companies.

Kegs have to be cleaned from in- and outside. The interior cleaning is done with different spraystations (water, caustic, acid, hot water and steam).Keg cleaning lines have containers for the used media (water, acid, and caustic), which usually are kept at the required temperature by internal heating coils. To utilize solar heat for keg cleaning, a heat exchanger has to be integrated in the flow line of the respective containers. The Figure illustrates this for a mixed water container. The return flow from internal cleaning is called mixed water and used to clean the exterior surface. Due to the illustrated way of integration, solar heat can be used to heat the mixed water directly while entering the container. The bypass is necessary to utilize solar energy also for heating the container between the cleaning batches. This can be neglected if a keg line is operated continuously.The illustrated integration scheme for heating the container of mixed water can also be applied to caustic and acid tanks. Usually, these media will have higher return temperatures and a cold water inlet is not given.

Source: Schmitt, B., 2014. Integration of solar heating plants for supply of process heat in industrial companies (in German language), Dissertation University of Kassel, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany.


Solar application for cleaning


DRYING

Solar application for drying


COOKING

Cooking and boiling

PL E IS scalding.jpg Example how to integrate solar heat for a scalding process in chicken slaughterhouses.The displayed scalding bath for chicken slaughtering is conventionally heated by direct steam injection. Based on water discharge by carcasses and evaporation losses a significant amount of fresh water is fed to the scalding bath, which can be preheated by solar energy. Possibly, this integration concept can be combined with PL_E_PM and PL_E_HB.
Wort boiling.jpg Example how to integrate solar heat for a wort boiling process in breweries.

Different wort boiling technologies are used within breweries. The figure illustratesa vacuum boiling technology. Therefore, the wort is stored within the whirlpool, heated by an external boiler (usually tube bundel HX) and fed into an expanison vessel where the evaporation takes places. Aftewr a defined time of running this cycle at atmospheric pressure vaccum is applied and external heating is not necessary any more.

For wort boiling processes with external boilers solar heat can be used to preheat the wort before entering the external HX as illustrated in the figure.

Source: Schmitt, B., 2014. Integration of solar heating plants for supply of process heat in industrial companies (in German language), Dissertation University of Kassel, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany.


Solar application for cooking


HEATING OF PRODUCTION HALLS

Solar application for heating of production halls


COOLING PROCESSES

Cooling, chilling and cold stabilization

Solar Powered Refrigeration

Solar powered refrigeration systems capable of providing temperatures as low as -23°C have been demonstrated.


(Solar driven) ejector refrigeration System

Ejector or jet pump refrigeration is a thermally driven technology that has been used for cooling applications for many years. In their present state of development they have a much lower COP than vapour compression systems but offer advantages of simplicity and no moving parts. Their greatest advantage is their capability to produce refrigeration using waste heat or solar energy as a heat source at temperatures above 80°C. Applications in the food sector will be primarily in areas where waste heat is available to drive the ejector system. Such applications can be found in food processing factories where the ejector refrigeration system can be used for product and process cooling and transport refrigeration. Other possible application is in tri-generation where the ejector refrigeration system can be used in conjunction with combined heat and power systems to provide cooling.



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