Subsection DC metals
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Substrate | |||||||||||||||
Iron | Steel | Aluminium | Copper | Brass | Alloys | Other metals | Plastic | Printed Circuit Board | |||||||
Steel coil | Steel strip | Steel wire | Steel sheets | Steel cast products | |||||||||||
UNIT OPERATIONS | Typical processes | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | info | |
FOUNDING | Founding | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
CLEANING | Pre-treatment | Electropolishing | o | o | o | o | x | o | |||||||
Solvent degreasing | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
Aqueous cleaning | o | o | x | ||||||||||||
Pickling | o | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
Etching and descalling | x | x | o | x | |||||||||||
Electrolitically assisted pickling, activation and degreasing | |||||||||||||||
Metal stripping | o | x | |||||||||||||
Rinsing | o | x | x | o | o | o | x | o | o | o | o | x | |||
Cleaning of production halls | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | ||
DRYING | Post-treatment | Drying | o | o | x | o | o | x | x | ||||||
OTHER PROCESS HEATING | Post-treatment | Heat treatment for hydrogen de-embrittlement | o | o | o | o | |||||||||
GENERAL PROCESS HEATING | Boiler feed water pre-heating | ||||||||||||||
HEATING OF PRODUCTION HALLS | Heating of production halls | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | |
COOLING OF PRODUCTION HALLS | Cooling of production halls | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | |
COOLING PROCESSES | Cooling of process solutions | ||||||||||||||
PAINTING | Finishing | Electropainting | |||||||||||||
Lacquering | |||||||||||||||
Colour anodizing on aluminium | o | ||||||||||||||
Metal colouring | x | ||||||||||||||
SURFACE TREATMENT | Main treatment | Plating copper and copper alloy | o | o | |||||||||||
Electroplating nickel | o | x | o | o | o | o | |||||||||
Plating chromium | x | o | x | ||||||||||||
Plating zinc and zinc alloy | o | o | o | o | o | o | |||||||||
Plating cadmium | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | ||||||||
Plating tin and alloy | o | x | |||||||||||||
Plating precious metal | o | o | o | o | x | ||||||||||
Autocatalytic plating | o | o | o | o | |||||||||||
Immersion coatings | o | x | |||||||||||||
Finishing | Oiling | x | |||||||||||||
Anodizing | x | o | |||||||||||||
Sealing following anodizing | x | x | |||||||||||||
Conversion coatings (phosphate layer) | o | x | o | o | o | x | o | ||||||||
Conversion coatings (chromium) | o | o | o | o | o | x | o | o | o | ||||||
Coating oxide (chemical blacking) | o | o | o | o | o | o | x | o | |||||||
Brightening | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | |||||||
Chemical milling | x | ||||||||||||||
LAMINATION | Pressing | x | |||||||||||||
Temperaturlevel | |||||||||||||||
20-40°C | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
40-60°C | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
60-80°C | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
80-100°C | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
100-120°C | x | x | |||||||||||||
120-140°C | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
140-160°C | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
>160°C | x | x | x | x | x |